• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Foundation for floating wind turbines, comprising one or more structures built with lightweight materials and characterized by the use of bags of polymeric materials that can be swelled at will with more or less heavy fluids than seawater, playing with buoyancy to achieve the balance of the set at all times. The use of polymeric materials in bags that are filled or emptied at will with fluids of different densities, at different times and modes of operation, incorporated into a light structure/s, provide great advantages both in terms of cost as well as safety in the construction, transportation, installation and operation of the foundation-wind turbine assembly, as well as the possibility of uninstalling and transporting it to port for major repairs or repairs. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2660886A1
    申请号:ES201600704
    申请日:2016-08-26
    公开日:2018-03-26
    发明作者:Juan Pablo NEBRERA SALCEDO
    申请人:Clecoser S L；Clecoser SL；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

     DESCRIPTION Foundation for floating wind turbines 5 SECTOR OF THE TECHNIQUE Foundations for floating wind turbines BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 10 Off-shore wind turbines have developed a lot in recent years, especially those based on the seabed. However, above a certain depth, the costs of this type of foundations (monopilote, jacket, gravity-based, etc.) become excessive, so there is a great activity of development of new formulas based on floating foundations 15 moored or anchored in some way to the seabed. These solutions are very varied, both in terms of the materials to be used, the designs to ensure a certain stability of the wind turbine (especially in terms of accelerations and verticality of the shaft), and the construction and transport and installation systems used. 20 Almost in all cases, steel and concrete are used as materials, in structures whose design seeks to: -accumulate an important mass that distances the frequencies of the support structure from those of the waves -reduce the draft requirements during construction and putting into water 25 - in some cases, reducing or eliminating the need for large ships or special devices for the transport and installation of the foundations and their corresponding wind turbines - making it possible to unmount the foundation and the wind turbine from its installation site to transport them a port for major repairs, and re-install them in their position once the repair is finished - in some cases, the foundation is not completely passive, since the ballast water in concrete or steel tanks can be moved to compensate the movements due to the waves or the moment of overturning produced by the wind on the blades of the wind turbine. 35 -the construction system should ideally make it possible to build the assembly on land for its complete transport to its place of installation, where themooring system preinstalled; Depending on the design of the system and its construction procedure, the requirements of the port or yard where the construction is carried out can be more or less demanding - to be achieved, especially when it comes to spar type structures (in which only the shaft of the shaft protrudes water surface), the greatest possible distance between the center of the hull (as high as possible) and the center of gravity (as low as possible), so that the loss of verticality induced by the waves or the efforts of the wind on the wind turbine they are compensated by the adrizante moment 10 EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION 15 20 25 30 The proposed foundation is characterized by comprising: A lightweight structure composed of a combination of rigid members and cables, generally in a cage, in whose center the lower part of the wind turbine shaft In all or some of the hollow spaces of the structure there is a plurality of bags of variable sizes and shapes, built with semi-rigid polymeric materials resistant to seawater, which are filled or emptied at will with various fluids at different times of the construction, transport, installation and operation of the set The aforementioned bags are designed to modify at will their volume, pressure and / or density of the fluid they contain The compartments and bags are mechanically integrated with the structure, for which materials such as steel, concrete or others are used; In preferred embodiments, to achieve a low cost, pre and post-tensioned concrete elements and cables, usually of steel, will be used. A liquid and air compression pumping system, operated by a control system that takes into account such variables. as the inclination of the mast and depth of the set or of specific parts with respect to the surface of the water, and that acts to inject or allow fluid to escape from the active compartments, so that the behavior of the support structure is adequate for each mode of operation at every moment The invention allows embodiments of either the semi-submersible type or the spar type, adding in this case ballast at the bottom, in order to lower the center of gravity; it comprises a cylindrical or prismatic base with a general cage-shaped structure; the wind turbine shaft is extended on a base (somewhat widened in a preferred embodiment), which is inserted into this base until it reachesthe lower part of the cage, and, among other functions, houses part of the electromechanical components, such as water pumps, compressors, sensors and control system of the foundation. The cage-shaped structure Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 contains different types and shapes of semi-rigid bags; In one of the preferred embodiments, there would be bags 5 of three types. Type (a) bags, located in the lower part of the cage, may contain, depending on the mode of operation, sea water (density 1.03 kg / dm3), or brine with a density up to 1.24 kg / dm3. Likewise, depending on the mode of operation, bags type (b) may contain fresh water, brine or seawater. Bags of type (c) will normally contain more or less volume of slightly compressed air. In a preferred embodiment, designed to work primarily as semi-submersible, the structure consists of four rigid "floor slabs, of which a possible embodiment of the upper one is shown in Fig. 3. These floor slabs can be constructed with steel or concrete jars. prestressed or post-tensioned. The slabs are connected to each other by cables (Fig. 2) (d1) located at the nodes; in turn, the main nodes are connected by wires (d2) to the wind turbine shaft. Other cables (d3) diagonally join the nodes to give greater rigidity to the structure when it is loaded. In the lower part of the shaft a space can be created Fig. 2 (e) where a complementary ballast is housed; The type and quantity of this ballast will depend on the place and procedure chosen for the construction of the set. In cases where it is intended to operate as a spar permanently, it will be necessary for the first floor to be made of concrete or other heavy material (Fig. 4 (B) (1) or Fig. 7 (A) (1), in order to lower the center of gravity sufficiently.The complete design depends a lot on the type of wind turbine, since there can be large differences in weight even for machines of the same power.In normal operating state the control system keeps the structure at desired height 30 above the surface.In this regard it is noteworthy that, under normal sea conditions, the structure designed as semi-submersible remains afloat (Fig. 4 (A)), increasing the height of the wind turbine hub and at least potentially the wind that is capable of capturing In very adverse sea conditions, and provided it has been designed to work as a spar in these conditions, the survival behavior improves when the structure is submerged (Fig. 4 (B)) to a depth to that hardly affect the stress induced by the waves. In other embodimentsPreference may be made to modify the design, using the same basic concepts of the invention, to operate as a spar in all operating conditions. The depth in operating state, that is, with the assembly moored at the bottom and connected to its dynamic energy evacuation cable, is mainly regulated by injecting more or less air into the bags (c) Fig. 2. In the preferred embodiment as semi-submersible, the bags (c) located in the outer third of its floor are always full of air, balancing its buoyancy Uunto with that of the hollow space of the bottom of the shaft) the real or apparent weight of nacelle, shaft, all structures and bags with brine. The bags (c) of the two central thirds will be used to regulate the depth, by injecting more or less volume of air. In this operating state the bags (a), and part or all (b), are filled with brine of the highest possible density, in order to lower the center of gravity of the assembly. The distance between the bags (c) and (a) affects the separation between the center of gravity and the center of care, which is an important parameter that directly affects the sea behavior of the whole (seakeeping). The bags (b), filled in operation with either seawater or brine, are intended to increase the mass of the assembly and move away from the frequencies of the waves, the wind turbine or wind changes at all times. The bags (c), in addition to providing most of the buoyancy, allow the active compensation of the tipping moment caused by the continuous wind on the wind turbine blades, contributing to maintain the verticality of the shaft, especially in windy situations sustained. The invention makes it possible to adopt constructive systems that are easily industrialized and that do not require large auxiliary means either in the port, in their transport or in their installation at sea. The floors can be assembled on the ground, using prefabricated parts. The first step would be to build the base of the shaft and place it in the center of the space where we are going to do the assembly. Around this base we will assemble the slabs. Once the structure of the lower floor is assembled and fixed to the shaft, the bags (a) are installed on it and filled with air; the second floor is then installed, on which the bags (b) are fixed and filled with air, the third floor where the (c) are fixed, also filling them with air and finally the fourth floor is assembled. In parallel, the cables connecting the slabs to each other and the upper slab to the shaft are installed, although the latter will be loose, as the section of the shaft to which they will be attached is not installed. The set is then put into the sea, either by dragging it along a surface ofconcrete type beach or with a crane and an auxiliary structure that avoids excessive efforts, since at this time, as it has been said, the cables that will join the upper slab with the shaft are not yet installed (although bracing cables must be installed of the structure). 5 It is important to note that at this time the assembly floats almost completely, so it requires a minimum draft for its maneuver in the port. Once at sea, we will take the assembly to an area near the pier whose bottom has been prepared for this purpose (see Fig. 5 or Fig. 6) where, emptying the bags (a) and, if necessary, the ( b), we will sink it until it rests on the bottom prepared and leveled. You can also stay afloat and perform the following operations afloat, depending on how calm the waters of the port are. Once docked or resting at the bottom, it will be necessary to add the fixed ballast to the base of the shaft (if so designed), finish the electromechanical installations that are housed in the base of the shaft and then install the first section of part 15 aerial of this, installing the cables that join the structure and the shaft to give rigidity to the assembly before finishing the installation of the shaft and proceed to the installation and commissioning of the nacelle and the blades. Once the commissioning is finished, the whole, through the swelling of the bags, is put back to float with the desired draft and is taken to an area of sufficient draft, where they are filled (always totally or partially, depending of the available draft and other design parameters) brine the bags (a), seawater or brine the (b) and air the (c), putting the assembly in transport mode. Once transported by tugboats or anchors to its final position at sea, 25 the mooring and connection of the dynamic electrical evacuation cable (pre-installed at the site) is carried out, and then submerged, in whole or in part, to leave it in the desired operating position (semi or spar). This preferred construction process has been set forth in an illustrative and non-limiting manner. The described invention solves the problems posed for the floating foundations for wind turbines: It is an invention that uses economical materials and easily recycles bias, in quantities much lower than the other solutions that have been raised, largely replacing concrete or steel. by seawater, brine or air as fluids housed in semi-rigid polymer bags to give mass, buoyancy and balance5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Its construction in port or yard is easily industrializable (small parts, manageable by ordinary cranes) It is easy, due to its lightness, to put the structure in the water with air-filled bags. It does not require large drafts in port ; It can be finished with a crane from the dock It allows the assembly to be taken to its final position and moored without special devices or vessels, using simple tugs or anchor ships. Its installation in its definitive location has no special requirements regarding meta-oceanic conditions, expanding the temporary window in which this installation can be performed in areas with frequently very adverse meta-oceanic conditions, such as The North Sea can be used as a spar or semi-submersible, simply by changing the buoyancy of the bags (more or less air) in the design, adding more weight to the lower floor, which should be done in part at least in concrete, or by adding a second structure suspended by cables under the first, made of heavy material and / or loaded with brine bags or other heavy fluid With this spar-like design, it can operate as semi-submersible normally and can sink even further in extreme sea conditions, moving away from the structure of the area of influence of the waves, and thus reducing the efforts supported in survival regime The design allows to use this foundation in relatively shallow waters (especially in its semi-submersible version), such as those found in many areas of the sea of the North and other areas of great offshore wind potential in the world, or in deeper waters, with no more limitation than the cost of The mooring system The set of all the factors leads to a very economic foundation compared to the current state of the art, but which brings together the advantages of the best ideas raised. In this sense, it is worth noting that some of the concepts that are pose in this invention are applicable to some of the foundations currently designed with other materials; the use of the concepts of the invention in these configurations currently in steel or concrete could lead to decisive savings for their competitivenessBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description, where illustrative character 5 and non-limiting, the following has been represented: Fig. 1.-General perspective of the foundation, in this case represented as cylindrical, and shaft of the wind turbine. Fig. 2.-General section of the foundation and part of the shaft of the wind turbine Fig. 3.-Plant of the foundation showing the upper part of the cage structure 10 Fig. 4.-Another section of the foundation showing its operational status as semi-submersible (A) or as a spar (8) Fig. 5.-Section of the foundation when, after the initial phase of its construction, it is placed on the seabed next to the pier, showing some orientative dimensions for a preferred embodiment 15 Fig 6.-Section during the assembly stage of the shaft and rest of the wind turbine Fig. 7.-Sections of various embodiments operating in spar (A), (8) Y (O) or semi (C) mode PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION 20 We describe below a preferred embodiment for a foundation of a 6 MW wind turbine whose nacelle weighs 700 Tm and suffers a horizontal effort of wind on its blades of about 150 Tm. The set of nacelle, shovels and shaft weighs around 1100 tons. The structure will have a diameter of 60 m and the height of each floor is set at 5 m. 25 giving a total structure height of 15 m. Some general data are as follows: The volume of bags type (c) and (b) filled with brine of density 1.24 kg / dm3 will be about 27,000 m3, and therefore its apparent weight of about 6,500 Tm. In total, the real or apparent weight of the set in operation is 7,500 tons. 30 The bags (a) with a height of 5 m provide a buoyancy, if they are completely filled with air, of 13,500 tons, so, if they are filled completely, the assembly floats with a high board of about 2 m. The total mass of the whole, assuming that we filled the bags (b) with brine, would be more than 35,000 tons, and more than 30,000 even with the bags (b) filled with 35 sea water. An inclination of 5 ° of the shaft would lead to a stiff moment for the greaterbuoyancy of the sunken side and the lower of the side that rises above the water. An approximate calculation would be of the order of 20,000 mTm, while, for purely comparative purposes, the tipping moment induced by the thrust of the wind on the blades, assuming a hub height of 120 m, would be of the order of 18,000 mTm. 5 This indicates that, in the absence of the completion of a complete project, which far exceeds the objective of this document, the proposed guiding dimensions are more than sufficient to ensure the stability of the whole at sea within the maximum inclinations in operation recommended by manufacturers, which are of the order of 10-15 °. 10 In the hypothesis that you want to work as a spar, the adrifying moment occurs when the vertical axis moves; the center of the hood, located higher thanks to the buoyancy of the bags (c) and the hollow of the base of the shaft, "pushes" upwards, while all the weight, real and apparent for the sunken parts, "pushes" in the center of gravity down. To lower the center of gravity, it is possible, in a preferred embodiment, to replace the first floor slab with one of reinforced concrete of sufficient weight, which can be constructed at the same time as the base of the shaft and integrally with it. (see (1) in Fig. 7 (A)). In another preferred embodiment, a concrete slab is constructed around the base of the shaft, slab that, in operation, will be "suspended" from the lower floor through 20 cables (Fig. 7 (8) (2)) extension of which they link this with the other slabs and the middle part of the shaft of the tower. To facilitate the construction, and as part of the procedure of this, to this slab, in addition to leaving together the final cables, which will be loose, with their final design length, temporary suspension cables will be installed much more 25 short (for facilitate the rest of the construction and transport operations) cables that must be removed at the time of installation of the assembly in its final position, dropping the slab in a controlled manner. Another preferred embodiment, especially convenient when the circumstances of the location advise working in a permanent or surviving spar, 30 adds a second structure containing polymer bags filled with brine or other very dense fluid, suspended with cables of the first in the state of operation Fig. 7 (O). In this case, during the construction the slabs containing these bags must be installed first, with the empty bags, and they will remain empty until, already in their final position at sea, and as part of the installation process, the provisional cables are removed that hold the floor slabs of the lower structure joined together and the lower floor slab of the upper structure, and areFill the bags of the lower structure (e.g. brine) little by little with the heavy fluid until it is in its final position (Fig. 7 (D). 
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    5 10 15 20 25 30 CLAIMS 1. Floating foundation for an off-shore wind turbine, characterized by (i) a light and open structure, composed of rigid parts and cables, which incorporates a plurality of bags of polymeric material that can be inflatable or emptied at will with different types of liquid or gaseous fluids, (ii) a system for pumping liquids and compressing gases and associated pipes to fill the bags, (iii) a control system for, depending on the mode of work (construction on land, construction at sea, transport, installation at its site or normal or emergency operation) and the signals collected by a series of sensors (verticality, depth, accelerations in the nacelle, among others), order the filling or emptying of the different bags with different fluids 2. A foundation according to claim 1 characterized in that the structure consists of several floors 3. A foundation according to all or any of the preceding claims characterized in that the floors are connected with cables to each other, including braces, and to the middle part of the shaft of the wind turbine 4. A foundation according to all or any of the previous claims characterized in that it is designed to work as semi-submersible, where a part of the structure protrudes from the sea surface in normal operation 5. A foundation according to all or any of the preceding claims characterized in that the assembly is designed to work as a spar (where only the shaft protrudes from the water) either under normal operating conditions, in survival conditions or both 6. A foundation according to all or any of the preceding claims characterized in that the control system allows proactive balancing of the tipping moment produced by the action of the wind on the wind turbine and its shaft, based on the indications of sensors of verticality of the shaft. 7. A foundation according to all or any of the preceding claims, characterized in that all or part of the lower floor is made of concrete slab or similar heavy material in order to lower the center of gravity of the whole. 8. A foundation according to all or any of the preceding claims characterized in that a second suspended structure of the5 10 15 first by means of cables, with or without additional bags filled with a fluid heavier than sea water (eg brine), intended to lower the center of gravity of the assembly 9. A foundation according to all or any of the claims above characterized in that the structure is externally surrounded in all or certain areas by a protection, for example a metal grid. A foundation according to all or any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is designed to be moored to a single mooring point (single point mooring) either in the form of a buoy or directly to the seabed in the form of a dead, "suction bucket" or other system of anchoring (all of them are not the object of this invention), and that, depending on the direction of the wind, bornea around this mooring point 10 O. A foundation according to all or any of the previous claims characterized in that all the systems and components are remotely monitored and controlled
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    ES2866937T3|2021-10-20|Floating wind turbine platform structure with optimized transfer of wind and wave loads
    ES2431583T3|2013-11-27|Support structure for use in the marine wind farm industry
    ES2555500B1|2016-12-13|Floating work and installation procedure
    ES2516590B1|2015-09-25|SUBMERSIBLE STRUCTURE OF ACTIVE SUPPORT FOR GENERATOR TOWERS AND SUBSTATIONS OR SIMILAR ELEMENTS, IN MARITIME FACILITIES
    ES2718934T3|2019-07-05|Floating wind turbine base with flare-type tension legs, marine wind turbine and construction method
    ES2749915T3|2020-03-24|Wind turbine with floating foundation on the high seas
    ES2617991B1|2018-03-27|MARITIME STRUCTURE FOR THE FOUNDATION BY GRAVITY OF BUILDINGS, FACILITIES AND AEROGENERATORS IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
    ES2471071T3|2014-06-25|Support device for an electric power production wind turbine at sea, corresponding electric power production facility at sea
    CN107683371A|2018-02-09|Construction, assembling floating wind turbine platform and the method for making its lower water
    ES2797104T3|2020-12-01|Floating maritime platform
    ES2452933A1|2014-04-03|To be translated from eng |
    CN104040075A|2014-09-10|Process for installing an offshore tower
    CN103228909A|2013-07-31|Process for installing an offshore tower
    WO2014013097A1|2014-01-23|Semi-submersible triangular platform for use in the open sea
    ES2545553B1|2016-06-24|Floating platform for wind energy use
    ES2754576T3|2020-04-20|Floating support with variable horizontal section with depth
    WO2014013098A1|2014-01-23|Semi-submersible platform for use in the open sea
    ES2835551T3|2021-06-22|Gravity foundation for offshore wind turbines
    ES2784658T3|2020-09-29|Gravity foundation for the installation of offshore wind turbines
    ES2660886B1|2019-01-17|Foundation for floating wind turbines
    ES2805548T3|2021-02-12|Autonomous anchoring method and system for foundations of offshore structures
    WO2020136288A1|2020-07-02|Floating platform for high-power wind turbines
    WO2016042173A1|2016-03-24|Gravity foundation for the installation of offshore wind turbines and meteorological towers
    ES2608504B1|2018-01-26|SPAR TYPE SELF-INSTALLING FLOATING STRUCTURE FOR SUPPORT OF GREAT POWER AEROGENERATORS
    TWI653376B|2019-03-11|Water work platform
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2660886B1|2019-01-17|
    WO2018037139A1|2018-03-01|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    ITMI20072112A1|2007-11-02|2009-05-03|Insulae Natantes Srl|VARIABLE SET-UP MODULE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FLOATING OR SEMI-CONNECTIVE PLATFORMS.|
    US20120187693A1|2010-10-13|2012-07-26|Houvener Robert C|Hydrokinetic energy transfer device and method|
    WO2016040746A1|2014-09-12|2016-03-17|SeaPower Systems, LLC.|Gravity-based energy-storage system and method|IT201800005196A1|2018-05-09|2019-11-09|Paolo Tili|REMOVABLE WIND TURBINE WITH INFLATED SURFACES|
    法律状态:
    2019-01-17| FG2A| Definitive protection|Ref document number: 2660886 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: B1 Effective date: 20190117 |
    2020-10-02| PC2A| Transfer of patent|Owner name: ACS SERVICIOS, COMUNICACIONES Y ENERGIA, S.L. Effective date: 20200928 |
    2021-11-25| PC2A| Transfer of patent|Owner name: COBRA SERVICIOS COMUNICACIONES Y ENERGIA, SL Effective date: 20211119 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201600704A|ES2660886B1|2016-08-26|2016-08-26|Foundation for floating wind turbines|ES201600704A| ES2660886B1|2016-08-26|2016-08-26|Foundation for floating wind turbines|
    PCT/ES2017/070499| WO2018037139A1|2016-08-26|2017-07-11|Foundation for floating wind turbines|
    [返回顶部]